Train drivers across Spain are set to begin a three-day nationwide strike on Monday in protest against what they say are insufficient safety guarantees on the country’s rail network.

The walkout comes in the wake of two fatal train collisions in January, which have devastated communities, caused widespread disruption for travellers, and raised serious questions about the safety of Spain’s rail system.

Deadly crashes spark safety concerns

On 18 January in Adamuz, in southern Spain, a high-speed train derailed and collided head-on with another train, killing 46 people. It was Spain’s worst rail disaster in more than a decade.

Just two days later, near Barcelona in Catalonia, another train derailed after striking a collapsing wall. A trainee driver was killed and at least 37 passengers were injured in that incident.

According to a preliminary investigation by Spain’s rail accident commission (CIAF), grooves found on the wheels of the derailed high-speed train and three earlier trains indicate that a fracture in the track existed before the accident.

In the Catalonia crash, officials believe the wall collapsed “as the train was passing,” hitting the driver’s cab first and then causing extensive damage to the first carriage, where most of the injured passengers were travelling.

Union demands: more staff, better maintenance

Semaf, the main train drivers’ union, has accused authorities of neglecting safety and allowing the rail network to deteriorate.

The union’s demands include:

• Hiring more staff, particularly for maintenance and safety roles
• Increased investment in track upkeep, inspections, and infrastructure
• Semaf called the January accidents “a turning point” and insists that the government must take every necessary measure to guarantee railway operations are safe.

Unions have also pointed to recent post-accident safety checks that uncovered faults and maintenance issues on several lines.

Government defends rail investment

The Spanish government, led by the Socialist party, has sought to dismiss claims of systemic underinvestment.

Officials highlighted that €700 million has been spent in recent years updating the Madrid–Andalusia high-speed line, including the section where the Adamuz derailment occurred.

Despite these assurances, the union says more must be done to prevent future tragedies.

Travel disruption expected

The strike is likely to cause significant disruption to rail services nationwide, affecting commuters, regional travellers, and long-distance connections alike.

Passengers are advised to check schedules and alternative transport options as the walkout unfolds.